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Description: The red isotropic area is coke cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Isotropic O µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 7 or lower.

Description: The purple isotropic area is coke cell wall material and the dark lenticular features are mineral matter. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Isotropic O µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 7 or lower.

Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Incipient 0-0.5 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 8.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas at the top left are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Incipient 0- 0.5 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 8.

Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. At the top right of the frame there is an isotropic inert fragment. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 0.5-1.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 9.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas at the lower left are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 0.5-1.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of high volatile bituminous coals of V type 9.

Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.0-1.5 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 10.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.0-1.5 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 10.

Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark circular areas at top right and lower left are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.5-2.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 11.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material. The dark isotropic fragment with cell structure at the lower center is a fusinite maceral that appears unaltered by the coking process. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular ...read full profile >>

Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. An inertinite fragment is seen at the right center part of the frame. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 1.0-3.0 ...read full profile >>

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material. Small brownish isotropic inertinite particles are also present. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 1.0-3.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 12.

Description: The red and yellow speckled areas are cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 3.0-8.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 13.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material. The isotropic area to the right of center is an inertinite fragment. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the medium Lenticular Anisotropic 3.0-8.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 13.

Description: The red and yellow speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 8.0-12.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 14.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Lenticular Anisotropic 8.0-12.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 14.a

Description: The red and yellow speckled areas are cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic 2.0-12.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V type 15.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic 2.0-12.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of medium volatile bituminous coals of V type 15.

Description: The red and yellow speckled areas are cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic 12.0-25.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V type 16.

Description: The purple and green speckled area is cell wall material and the dark areas around the margins are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Circular Anisotropic 12.0-25.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V type 16.

Description: The red and yellow areas are cell wall material and the dark lenticular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic +25.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V types 17-19.

Description: The purple and green areas are cell wall material and the dark lenticular areas are vesicles. In the ASTM/U.S. Steel Carbon Form Classification this sample falls into the Ribbon Anisotropic +25.0 µ group. This type of carbon form is typical of low volatile bituminous coals of V types 17-19.

Description: Note the parallel flow texture in the coke cell wall material and the lack of vesicles. Only linear fractures are seen. This type of structure is typical of cokes formed under very high pressures from high rank coking coals.

Description: Note the very coarse ribbon anisotropic units and the lack of vesicles. Only linear fractures are seen. This type of structure is typical of cokes formed under very high pressures from high rank coking coals.

Description: The pink isotropic material is derived from fusinite macerals that did not react in the coking process. The cell structure seen in the fusinite is original plant structure.

Description: The pink isotropic material is derived from detrital inertinite macerals that did not react in the coking process. The broken cell structure of these particles is derived from original plant structure.

Description: The pink isotropic material is derived from micrinite and other inertinite macerals that did not react in the coking process.

Description: The particle on the right, derived from bright coal, shows well developed mosaic texture and vesicles. The particle on the left, derived from dull coal, features abundant organic inerts, poorly developed vesicles, and original bedding. These features suggest that it never became as fluid ...read full profile >>

Description: The black streaks across the center of the frame are mineral matter from a particle of bone coal. Note the finer mosaic size around this area.

Description: The center of the frame is filled with pyrite that has survived the coking process. Note the finer mosaic size around the pyrite.

Description: The bright area in the upper left part of the frame is pyrite. Note the reaction zone and reduced mosaic size around it.

Description: The particle on the left is a fragment of recycled coke. Note the pyrolytic carbon around the coke vesicle segments.

Description: The large particle in the center of the frame is coke breeze. Note the pyrolytic carbon coating the vesicle edges.

Description: The brownish particle in the upper center part of the frame is an anthracite inclusion. Notice how the large crack in the coke is stopped at the anthracite boundary.

Description: The large particle at the center right of the frame is anthracite. Note the poor bonding between the anthracite and the coke.

Description: The large particle at the top of the frame is a petroleum coke inclusion. Notice the large texture and parallel flow structure of the petroleum coke.

Description: The rims of the vesicles are covered with a thick coating of pyrolytic carbon. Note the distinctive extinction pattern of the pyrolytic carbon.

Description: The concentric nature and spoke-like extinction pattern are characteristic of carbon deposited on the coke oven roof - roof carbon.

Description: The particle at the top of the frame has been burnt when the coke was pushed from the coke oven.