Combustion Chars Scroll | Petrographic Atlas | SIU

Description: The object in the center of the field is a typical tenuisphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, open center, and thin walls. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: The object in the center of the field is a typical anisotropic tenuisphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, open center, thin walls and optical anisotropy. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical crassisphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, open center, and thick walls. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical anisotropic crassisphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, open center, thick walls and optical anisotropy. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with ...read full profile >>

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical tenuinetwork. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, honeycomb center, and thin walls. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical anisotropic tenuisphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, honeycomb center, thin walls and optical anisotropy. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second ...read full profile >>

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical mesosphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, honeycomb center, and thick walls. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical anisotropic mesosphere. It is characterized by its spheroidal shape, honeycomb center, thin walls and optical anisotropy. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second ...read full profile >>

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical inertoid. It is characterized by its irregular shape and small amount of pore space. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical anisotropic inertoid. It is characterized by its irregular shape and small amount of pore space. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical solid char. It is characterized by its irregular shape and lack of porosity. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical fusinoid char. It is characterized by its irregular shape and cell texture derived from original plant structure. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical mixed porous char. It is characterized by its irregular shape, composite nature and pore volume of greater than 50%. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a ...read full profile >>

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical mixed dense char. It is characterized by its irregular shape, composite nature and pore volume of less than 50%. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical skeletal char. It is characterized by its unfused but burnt out nature and high porosity. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : The object in the center of the field is a typical mineraloid char. It is characterized by its irregular shape, mineral composition (pyrite in this case), and very high reflectance. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per ...read full profile >>

Description: : This isotropic char is from a high volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 0.59% (mean max in oil). This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This isotropic char is from a high volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 0.67% (mean max in oil). This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This anisotropic char is from a high volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 0.81% (mean max in oil). Note the fine-grained mosaic texture. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This anisotropic char is from a high volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 0.85% (mean max in oil). Note the fine-grained mosaic texture. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This anisotropic char is from a high volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 0.87% (mean max in oil). Note the fine-grained mosaic texture. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This anisotropic char is from a medium volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 1.14% (mean max in oil). Note the medium-grained mosaic texture. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This anisotropic char is from a medium volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 1.27% (mean max in oil). Note the medium-grained mosaic texture. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This anisotropic char is from a low volatile bituminous coal with a reflectance of 1.42% (mean max in oil). Note the medium-grained mosaic texture. This char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This frame shows a typical maceral distribution in the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal.

Description: : This frame shows a typical char type distribution in the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal. This sample is the same one as that in C25. The char was produced in an entrained flow reactor in nitrogen with a heating rate of 104-105 degrees C per second with a residence time of approximately one second at a maximum temperature of 1000 degrees C.

Description: : This frame shows a vitrinite maceral concentrate obtained from the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal with density gradient centrifugation.

Description: : This frame shows the char formed from a vitrinite maceral concentrate obtained from the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal with density gradient centrifugation. Note the abundance of cenospheres. This sample is the same one as that in C27. The char was produced in an entrained flow ...read full profile >>

Description: : This frame shows a semifusinite maceral concentrate obtained from the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal with density gradient centrifugation.

Description: : This frame shows the char formed from a semifusinite maceral concentrate obtained from the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal with density gradient centrifugation. Note the abundance of cenospheres and tenuinetworks. This sample is the same one as that in C29. The char was produced ...read full profile >>

Description: : This frame shows a fusinite maceral concentration obtained from the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal with density gradient centrifugation.

Description: : This frame shows the char formed from a fusinite maceral concentrate obtained from the high volatile bituminous Herrin No. 6 coal with density gradint centrifugation. Note the abundance of fusinoid and unfused char. This sample is the same one as that in C31. The char was produced in an ...read full profile >>

Description: : This frame shows a char particle with a white rim due to oxidation or burning of the char.

Description: : This frame shows a char particle containing several particles of pyrite.